The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the French league champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side struck two times in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital equaliser in the final moments to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to complete a 4-1 shootout victory.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the past 13 seasons.